Download the sports psychology test. Determination of personality type in sports. Assessing the body's energy potential - Robinson index
Study of sports motivation
(questionnaire by R.A. Piloyan, 1984, modified by E.G. Babushkin, 2001)
Athlete's profile
Instructions: Dear comrade! While playing sports, you probably noticed how many factors influence sports results. You can say what is important in your life and what is not important to achieve the planned result. The proposed questions identify a number of factors. Determine to what extent this or that factor is important for you and indicate in the questionnaire opposite the question number one of the following answers: “yes, very important”, “rather important than not important”, “not very important”, “rather not important, what is important”, “not important”.
So to what extent is it important to you?
1. Through sports, assert your individuality.
2. Thanks to sports, you can more fully reveal your capabilities.
3. Thanks to sports, you can better understand your capabilities.
4. Thanks to sports, increase self-esteem for your personality.
5. 5.Thanks to sports victories, experience a feeling of superiority over other people.
6. Thanks to sports, increase self-respect from family and friends.
7. Thanks to sports, increase self-respect from friends and comrades.
8. Thanks to sports, increase self-respect on the part of those who work and study with you.
9. Thanks to sports, increase self-respect on the part of those who manage your work and studies.
10. Thanks to victories in sports, increase self-respect from teammates.
11. Thanks to victories in sports, increase self-respect
12. by the sports management.
13. In honor of your victory, they raise the flag and play the anthem.
14. Possibility to improve the ratio of encounters with a specific opponent.
15. Raise the popularity of your sport.
16. Thanks to sports, gain recognition in your neighborhood, on your street.
17. Receive additional nutrition.
18. Get a sports uniform.
19. Win the best prize in competitions.
20. Get to competitions abroad.
21. Get into the national team.
22. Take a prize at major competitions.
23. Thanks to your success in sports, get a decent job.
24. Thanks to your success in sports, get an apartment, a car, etc.
25. Presence of a coach in the hall.
26. Availability of objective judging.
27. So that there is no support from the fans of your opponent.
28. Availability of family well-being.
29. Having a good relationship with the coach.
30. Organize your life safely after playing sports.
31. The presence of a loved one in the hall.
32. Thanks to sports, have wide connections with business people.
33. Thanks to sports, communicate with great people.
34. Gain full recognition through sports.
35. Achieve your own well-being through success in sports.
36. Have new items in your arsenal of actions.
37. You have a tactical plan for the competition.
38. Increase the reliability of your actions.
39. Increase the effectiveness of competitive actions.
39. Increase the reliability of your techniques in competitions.
40. Ability to compete at different paces.
41. Ability to perform successfully in various situations.
42. The ability to actively continue speaking in case of failure.
43. Successfully escape from dangerous situations.
44. Increase special endurance.
45. Increase speed qualities.
46. Increase strength qualities.
47. Increase flexibility.
48. Increase agility.
49. Increase emotional stability.
50. Absence of colds in your body.
51. No headaches.
52. No pain in the heart area.
53. No pain in the liver area.
54. You have no injuries.
55. Absence of other diseases.
56. Be aware of the enemy’s ability to mobilize at critical moments.
57. Know what tactics your opponent mainly follows.
58. Know about the ways in which the enemy prepares his “signature” techniques.
40. Know what actions make it difficult for the enemy to perform.
59. Have information about the physical strength of the enemy.
60. Know about the shortcomings in the enemy’s technology.
61. Know the enemy’s goal in meeting with you.
62. Know about the speed capabilities of the enemy.
63. Know what actions the enemy is good at.
64. Know about the enemy's stamina level.
65. Know the enemy’s favorite tactics.
66. Know the enemy's technique.
67. Know how the enemy handles setbacks.
68. Know what techniques your opponent uses.
69. Know the psychological preparation of the enemy.
70. Know the results of the enemy’s latest performances.
71. You are not physically tired before the competition.
72. Lack of excessive anxiety before the competition.
73. Having a feeling of confidence before a competition.
74. Lack of indifference before competition.
75. Having a feeling of sports anger before a competition.
76. Know the results of the draw.
77. Know the results of the enemy's last performance.
78. Have victories over a given opponent in the past.
79. No pain before the competition.
Please provide the following information about yourself:
1. Sports experience...................................
2. Sports category........................
3. Your best sporting achievements...................
Processing of materials from research on sports motivation.
The structure of sports motivation includes the following grounds:
Incentives, including two factors. The first factor - K1 - reflects the athlete's fundamental orientation towards satisfying spiritual needs - self-affirmation, self-expression, fulfillment of public duty. Coefficient K1 was found as follows.
The answer “yes, very important” is worth 5 points; “rather important than not important” - 4 points; “not very important” - 3 points; “rather unimportant than important” - 2 points; “not important” - 1st point. The sum of points when answering questions from I to 15 is divided by 15 and the value of coefficient K1 is found. The second factor - K2 - reflects the athlete's focus on meeting material needs. The sum of points when answering questions 16 to 23 is divided by 8 and the value of coefficient K2 is found.
Basic grounds, including three factors. The first factor - KZ - reflects the degree of interest of the athlete in favorable social conditions for sports activities. The KZ coefficient is found by dividing the sum of points when answering questions from 24 to 34 by P. The second factor - K4 - reflects the degree of interest of the athlete in the accumulation of knowledge/special and skills. Coefficient K4 is found by dividing the sum of points when answering questions from 35 to 49 by 15. The third factor - K5 - reflects the degree of interest of the athlete in the absence of pain. Coefficient K5 is found by dividing the sum of points when answering questions from 50 to 55 by 6.
Procedural grounds, including two factors. The first factor - Kb - reflects the degree of interest of the athlete in accumulating knowledge about his opponents. Coefficient K7 is found by dividing the sum of points when answering questions from 56 to 71 by 16. The second factor - K7 - reflects the degree of interest of the athlete in the absence of psychogenic influences that negatively affect the results of competitive activity. Coefficient K7 is found by dividing the sum of points when answering questions from 72 to 80 by 9.
O.V.Tiunova
(Tiunova, O.V. Psychodiagnostics in sports: planning, analysis, interpretation[Text]// Psychological-pedagogical and medical-biological problems of physical training, physical culture and sports: Collection of materials of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation, dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of academician V.L. Marishchuk / Edited by Dr. Ped. sc., prof. A.A.Obvintseva, Doctor of Ped.Sc., Prof. V.L.Pashuta, Doctor of Ped.Sc. prof. N.V.Romanenko. - In 3 parts - Part 1. - St. Petersburg: RF Ministry of Defense VIFK, Publishing House "Mamatov", 2016. - P.263-267).
Summary.This article presents the experience of the Laboratory of Physical Culture and Practical Psychology of VNIIFK in organizing psychodiagnostics of highly qualified athletes and the nearest reserve within the framework of in-depth medical, stage-by-stage and ongoing examination of athletes, as well as the possibility of using diagnostic techniques during individual work with an athlete. Particular attention is paid to the issues of interpreting test results and preparing practical recommendations for coaching staff and athletes.
Keywords: system of psychological support for sports training, diagnostics, psychological tests, interpretation of test results, sports psychology, counseling of athletes.
Introduction
In accordance with Rossport order No. 777 of November 27, 2006
within the framework of the Laboratory of Physical Culture and Practical Psychology of the All-Russian Research Institute of Physical Culture and Sports (Moscow), a Psychological Service was created to work with highly qualified athletes. During the survey of members of the national teams of the country, the most important (from the point of view of athletes) areas (forms) of the work of a psychologist in a team were identified. Conducting psychodiagnostics, which allows us to identify the strengths of an athlete’s personality and his “psychological resource,” turned out to be the most popular area of psychological support for sports training.
Of particular importance in this regard are the issues of rational planning of psychological testing of athletes, comprehensive analysis of the data obtained, and interpretation of research results in relation to sports practice.
Despite the fact that psychodiagnostic methods in our country are widely published and replicated, many of them can be found on the Internet, the basic guide for the psychodiagnostic work of a sports psychologist is still the book “Psychodiagnostics in Sports”. However, below we will consider some new practically significant aspects of planning, analysis and interpretation of the results of an in-depth psychological examination (IPE), a staged psychological examination (EPO), a current psychological examination (CPE), and also psychodiagnostics carried out as part of individual counseling of athletes. This material is based on 16 years of experience in the Laboratory.
Basic provisions
The test battery, which we use once a year as part of the UPR, includes 6-10 methods, which are distributed in the form of special forms to athletes for them to fill out independently. This work is preceded by a special “motivating” instruction. Practice has shown that it is blank (not computer) testing that allows you to get the most accurate answers, and appropriate preliminary instruction turns routine filling out forms into useful “psychological training.” Below is a proven battery of UPR tests for national teams (bold), supplemented in relation to the diagnosis of a club team, when a psychologist has the opportunity to conduct the same study in several stages (Table 1 , enlarge by clicking on the picture).
Systematization, analysis and interpretation of the obtained data is a rather complex process. However, the possibility of subsequent implementation of other forms of psychological and pedagogical support of sports training in the team largely depends on its quality. The experience of our work shows that the most convenient form for the coaching staff to provide psychodiagnostic data is a ranked graphical representation of them with the designation of the author’s “norm”, as well as the average result for the team and the zone of sigma deviations.
Table 2 presents an algorithm for preparing practical recommendations based on the results of team psychodiagnostics and the procedure for providing it to the customer.
Block of stage and current psychological testing was introduced by the Federal Center for Sports Training (Moscow) into the scientific and methodological support programs for national teams in 2010. Complex scientific groups (CSGs) were charged with regularly assessing the “psycho-emotional” state of athletes, and the content of such assessment was also regulated. In general, this was an important step towards the revival of the system of psychological and pedagogical support for the training of highly qualified athletes.
According to the new regulation, the psychological block of a staged comprehensive examination (IVF) should include registration of the following indicators: the level of self-regulation of mental states and self-control, volitional mobilization, the level of aspirations and self-esteem, and needs. The program of ongoing examination (TO), implemented in the training camp, should include an assessment of the level of situational anxiety, emotional state, aggressiveness, psychophysiological performance, motivational state, assessment of well-being, activity, mood and the degree of mental fatigue.
To implement this program, our Laboratory has proposed and tested a fairly simple and informative testing technology.
Any EPO begins with the athlete filling out a personal card containing basic information about the athlete - full name, sport, category, rank, main sporting achievement, name and date of the last and nearest competition.
The start of testing should be preceded by introductory instructions aimed at solving several problems. Firstly, to establish a trusting working relationship between the athlete and the psychologists conducting this examination, to guarantee the confidentiality of the information received. Secondly, introduce the procedure for filling out the proposed form methods, anticipating possible difficulties in this case. Thirdly, to motivate the athlete to work conscientiously, independently and responsibly, to provide additional information about the possibilities of subsequent individual psychological preparation or psychological assistance in difficult life situations.
All completed questionnaires are assigned an appropriate code so that they become “impersonal” for everyone except the psychologist (member of the complex scientific group), the coach and the athlete himself.
Questionnaire “Assessment of mental reliability” to assess the level of self-regulation and self-control,
Questionnaire “Assessment of the strength and duration of volitional effort” to assess volitional mobilization,
Questionnaire “Self-Esteem Study” to assess the level of aspirations and self-esteem,
Questionnaire “Diagnostics of personal and group basic needs.”
If desired, this battery can be supplemented with the M. Luscher eight-color test and the “Degree of Chronic Fatigue” questionnaire.
The interpretation of the results obtained can be constructed using the algorithm in Table 2.
To assess the “psycho-emotional” state of athletes during training camps (TPO) We propose to use a set of indicators that can be conditionally classified into three conditional blocks - functional, behavioral and psychological (Table 3):
Subsequently, the psychological testing specified by the daily regulations is carried out through self-assessment of various states on a 10-point scale (except for heart rate):
Level of situational anxiety – value on the “Anxiety” scale,
Assessment of well-being, activity, mood - values on the scales “Well-being”, “Activity”, “Mood”,
Level of emotional state – total value on the scales “Well-being”, “Activity”, “Mood”,
Aggressiveness – value on the “Willingness to compete” scale,
Psychophysiological performance – the value on the “General performance” scale, as well as the heart rate indicator,
Motivational state – value on the “Desire to train” scale,
The degree of mental fatigue is the value on the “Mental Fatigue” scale, as well as the heart rate indicator.
The introductory instructions read as follows: “The plan for conducting training camps involves taking into account the individual psychological state of the participants. To do this, you are asked to self-assess your own condition every morning according to the specified criteria (provided that the minimum score is 1 and the maximum is 10).” Table 4 presents the working part of the monitoring form.
Having received such a form, the athlete independently monitors his condition. Mobile communications makes it possible to daily transmit to a psychologist indicators of the athlete’s current state, its assessment and correction through prompt communication between the psychologist and the athlete and/or with the coaching staff.
The psychologist can work with the results obtained after the team returns. since the forms submitted by athletes allow us to evaluate the effectiveness of the collection and prepare additional recommendations. However, in order to obtain more reliable information, we included the following final and neutral in nature wording in the form: “How systematically, given the conditions of the training camp, were you able to fill out this form? (Score from 1 to 10).” The results of this approach allow the psychologist to weed out low-quality forms and more accurately interpret the results obtained.
It is also possible to monitor the condition of athletes during training camps or multi-day competitions using simpler methods: using self-assessment on the “Well-being, Activity, Mood” scales, performing one of the variants of the tapping test, etc.
Both group and individual work with the athlete, carried out as part of counseling, will be more effective when used as an “objective basis” for starting work on the test results using the following methods: “Attitude to the upcoming competition”, “Luscher’s Eight-Color Test”, “Color Relationship Test”, “Character Accentuations”, “Degree of Satisfaction of Basic Needs” "
Experience shows that in individual counseling, the Luscher Eight-Color Test is a “necessary and sufficient” tool for understanding the personal characteristics of an athlete and the characteristics of his current condition. We have developed a special form for organizing the obtained digital data and verbal formulations of this test:
Conclusion
So, having revealed a fairly high interest of athletes in psychodiagnostics within the framework of systemic psychological and pedagogical support of sports training, in the period from 2003 to 2016. We have tested a number of psychodiagnostic techniques that can be used as part of the UPR, EPO and TPO, as well as during individual advisory work with athletes.
Of particular importance is the practically oriented interpretation of the obtained figures and verbal formulations, i.e. algorithms and forms for providing test results to the customer. A variety of approaches can be implemented in this direction, since their choice largely depends on the internal logic of the sports psychologist conducting the testing. However, we hope that our experience presented in this article will also be useful.
Literature
1) Psychological service for working with highly qualified athletes [Electronic resource]. – URL: http://www..html (access date: 06/23/2016)
2) Psychodiagnostics [Electronic resource]. – URL: http://www..html (access date: 06/23/2016)
3) Psychodiagnostics in sports: a textbook for universities / V.L.Marishchuk, Yu.M.Bludov, L.K.Serova. – M.: Education, 2005. – 349 p.
4) Tiunova O.V. Psychological support for sports training of Russian national teams (opportunities and prospects) // Sport-35. – 2015.- No. 7(1). – P.24-25
5) Tiunova O.V. Motivation for achievements in sports activities. Methodological recommendations - M., FGOU GShVSM, M., TransLit, 2007 - 32 p.
Tiunova O.V., Samokhina A.Yu., Gortinskaya A.V. Diagnostics of personal properties and mental states of an athlete of the Federal State Educational Institution "State School of Higher Sports Excellence - a training center for national youth, junior and youth teams of Russia", M., RConsult, 2006 - 32 p.
Natalia Govorova
Reading time: 4 minutes
A A
The term “sports training” presupposes the competent use of all knowledge, conditions and methods for a targeted impact on the development of an athlete. Tests are non-specific exercises with a numerical result obtained during measurements. They are needed to understand your current health status and determine your readiness for physical activity. So, we determine the level of sports training.
Endurance test (squats)
Place your feet wider than your shoulders and, straightening your back, take a breath and sit down. We rise up as we exhale. Without stopping or resting, we do as many squats as we can. Next, write down the result and check it with the table:
- Less than 17 times is the lowest level.
- 28-35 times – average level.
- More than 41 times – high level.
Shoulder girdle muscle endurance/strength test
Men do push-ups from their toes, beautiful ladies from their knees. An important point is that the abs must be kept tense, the shoulder blades and lower back must not sink, the body must be kept in a level position (the hips and the body must be in line). When doing push-ups, lower yourself so that your head is 5 cm from the floor. We calculate the results:
- Less than 5 push-ups is a weak level.
- 14-23 push-ups – average level.
- More than 23 push-ups is a high level.
Ruffier index
We determine the reaction of the cardiovascular system. We measure our pulse for 15 seconds (1P). Next, we squat 30 times for 45 seconds (medium pace). Having finished the exercises, we immediately begin measuring the pulse - first in 15 seconds (2P) and, after 45 seconds, again in 15 seconds (3P).
The Ruffier index itself is determined by the following formula:
IR = (4*(1P+2P+3P)-200)-200/10.
We calculate the result:
- Index less than 0 – excellent.
- 0-3 – above average.
- 3-6 – satisfactory.
- 6-10 – below average.
- Above 10 – unsatisfactory.
In short, a result is considered excellent when the sum of heart beats is less than 50 for all three 15-second intervals.
Response of the autonomic nervous system to physical activity - orthostatic test
The test is carried out as follows:
In the morning (before exercise) or after 15 minutes (before eating), spent in a calm state and in a horizontal position, we measure the pulse in a horizontal position. We count the pulse for 1 minute. Then we get up and rest in an upright position. Again, count the pulse for 1 minute in a vertical position. The difference in the obtained values indicates the reaction of the heart to physical activity subject to a change in body position, thanks to which one can judge the fitness of the body and the “working” state of regulatory mechanisms.
Results:
- A difference of 0-10 strokes is a good result.
- A difference of 13-18 beats is an indicator of a healthy, untrained person. Rating: satisfactory.
- A difference of 18-25 strokes is unsatisfactory. Lack of physical fitness.
- Above 25 beats is a sign of overwork or some illness.
If the average difference in shocks is 8-10 for you, then the body is able to recover quickly. With an increased difference, for example, up to 20 beats, it’s worth thinking about where you are overloading the body.
Assessing the body's energy potential - Robinson index
This value demonstrates the systolic activity of the main organ - the heart. The higher this indicator is at the height of the load, the higher the functional abilities of the heart muscles. Using the Robinson index, we can (of course, indirectly) talk about myocardial oxygen consumption.
How is the test performed?
We rest for 5 minutes and determine our pulse for 1 minute in a vertical position (X1). Next, you should measure the pressure: the upper systolic value must be remembered (X2).
The Robinson index (the desired value) looks like the following formula:
IR = X1*X2/100.
We evaluate the results:
- IR equal to 69 and below - “excellent”. The working reserves of the cardiovascular system are in excellent shape.
- IR is 70-84 – good. The working reserves of the heart are normal.
- IR is 85-94 – average result. Indicates a probable insufficiency of the reserve capacity of the heart.
- IR is 95-110 – the rating is “bad”. The result indicates disturbances in the functioning of the heart.
- RI above 111 is very bad. The regulation of the heart is disrupted.
The impetus for activity in any activity can equally be the desire to achieve success and the fear of failure. These are the outlines of two important types of motivation - motivation for success and motivation for fear of failure.
The motivation for success is undoubtedly positive. With such motivation, a person’s actions are aimed at achieving constructive, positive results. Personal activity here depends on the need to achieve success.
But the motivation of fear of failure is less productive. With this type of motivation, a person strives, first of all, to avoid censure and punishment. The expectation of unpleasant consequences is what determines his activity. Having not yet done anything, a person is already afraid of possible failure and thinks about how to avoid it, and not how to achieve success.
